Diagnosis Of Antisocial Personality Disorder ( Aspd )

1. DSM-5 Diagnosis a. Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)- DSM-5 301.7 (F60.2) Ruling out Alcohol Use Disorder- DSM-5 305.00 (F10.10) Mild Cannabis Use Disorder-DSM-5 305.20 (F12.10) Mild b. Justification Based on the description of Peter’s symptomatology, the appropriate diagnosis is Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). As indicated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) (2013). As described by Peter, his physical injuries are a broken nose and black eye which he claims was inflicted by his fiancà ©e. Peter’s aloof mannerism is another factor that was considered to form his diagnosis. As an introverted individual, Peter does not demonstrate any sympathy towards others individual’s rights and property. Peter has demonstrated deviant and criminal behaviors by utilizing assumed names, burglary of other individuals property, exhibits no remorse for his violation of others property and/or feelings. He also does not have the capacity to be self-supporting. This is evident by Peter s partner, Wendy, who believed Peter’s assertion that he was an independent computer consultant and an Ivy League graduate. She later discovered Peter was a high school dropout and a Gulf War veteran. Peter’s criminal behavior began at age three, when he was taught by his brother’s how to steal money from his mother’s bureau. His propensity for stealing resulted in him being accused of stealing a car, television and multiple laptops from hisShow MoreRelatedDiagnosis Of Antisocial Personality Disorder ( Aspd ) Essay980 Words   |  4 Pages1. DSM-5 Diagnosis a. Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)- DSM-5 301.7 (F60.2) Ruling out Alcohol Use Disorder- DSM-5 305.00 (F10.10) Mild Cannabis Use Disorder-DSM-5 305.20 (F12.10) Mild b. Justification Based on the description of Peter’s symptomatology, the appropriate diagnosis is Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). As indicated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) (2013). As described by Peter, his physical injuries are a broken noseRead MoreThe Common Occurrences Of Comorbidity Between The Disorder1401 Words   |  6 Pagesis an overlap between the personality clusters. The most significant comorbidity occurrences with ASPD include paranoid personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (Out of the Fog, 2015) See figure 4 (Appendix C). Furthermore, additional studies are suggesting that 67% of those diagnosed (DSM-IV) with a personality disorder also met the criteria for at least one other mental disorder. Antisocial personality disorder has often been found to coexistRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Aspd )1432 Words   |  6 Pages Antisocial Personality Disorder Among the vast things studied in the field of psychology lies psychological disorders. These psychological disorders can simply be defined as psychological functions that can be unhealthy and even harmful to a person (Gerrig, 2005). And because this disorders can cause damage to a person it is important to understand them, both to aid a person in this situation or get the correct help if the victim is oneself. There is a vast number of psychological disorders, howeverRead MoreEffects Of Antisocial Personality Disorder On Society1468 Words   |  6 PagesEFFECTS OF ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER The Cause and Effect on Society from being diagnosed with the condition from Adolescence to Adulthood Antisocial Personality Disorder There have been several studies done to demonstrate the condition known as Antisocial Personality Disorder. Around the 19th century it was called, with what the doctors would in the beginning refer to as moral insanity (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 1970). When doctors first came across individualsRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Adhd )1309 Words   |  6 Pages Antisocial Personality Disorder Kevin Adams Medgar Ever Collegeâ€Æ' Antisocial Personality Disorder is often wrongly called sociopathy or psychopathy although both sociopathy and psychopathy are not recognized professional labels for the diagnosis. Antisocial may not be the best way to describe the disorder because it implies shyness and people who suffer from the disorder tend to be more outgoing, charming and pragmatic. The term came about because the disorder is â€Å"anti-society. It’s behaviorRead MoreThe Correlation between Child Maltreatment and the Development of Antisocial Personality Disorder1557 Words   |  7 Pagestoward antisocial behavior. Of these environmental triggers, childhood abuse may be the most important of situational factors. Understanding antisocial personalities in individuals with biological susceptibility to antisocial behaviors and those who experienced maltreatment in a hostile environment would be at a high risk for developing antisocial personality disorder. Although the diagnosis is limited to those persons over eighteen years of age, it usually involves a history of antisocial behaviorRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder And Incarcerated Individuals1427 Words   |  6 PagesAntisocial Personality Disorder and Incarcerated Individuals Long-term patterns of manipulating, exploiting, or violating the rights of others are qualities that are often related to criminal behavior. This is a mental condition that is defined as Antisocial Personality Disorder by the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Antisocial Personality Disorder, or otherwise known as ASPD, is a disorder that fits into two essential categories: psychopathy and sociopathy. ASPD can be caused by many deformationsRead MoreThe Effects Of Antisocial Personality Disorder ( Aspd ) Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pageshealth disorder called Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). Most of these professionals will agree that much more attention should be given to this matter since it can have fatal outcomes. The public and the media eye alike, might not realize the serious impact that this mental disorder can have on the general public. This literature review will examine what ASPD is, symptoms, possible causes, diagnosis, treatment, and how the public eye views this matter. Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)Read MoreThe Personality Disorder Of The Mayo Clinic2173 Words   |  9 Pagesdiagnosed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition) as a Personality Disorder. A Personality Disorder as defined by the Mayo Clinic is a type of mental disorder in which you have a rigid and unhealthy pattern of thinking, functioning and behaving. They are typically grouped into three clusters (A, B, and C), with a total of 10 disorders in all. The fascinating thing about the people with personality disorders is they are oblivious to the fact that they have one; everythingRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Aspd ) Essay2393 Words   |  10 PagesAntisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) To be considered antisocial is to isolate oneself from general social conditions and demonstrate behaviors that deviate from the social societal norm. Antisocial Personality disorder describes an individual that lacks values and habitually violates societal standards in regards to ethics and social behavior. Individuals with this disorder can be described to lack empathy, act impulsively, and have flagrant disregard for other people. It is hard for them to

The Stakeholder Theory - 11680 Words

The Stakeholder Theory of the Corporation: Concepts, Evidence, and Implications Author(s): Thomas Donaldson and Lee E. Preston Source: The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Jan., 1995), pp. 65-91 Published by: Academy of Management Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/258887 Accessed: 20/04/2010 23:08 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR s Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR s Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal,†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, anyone looking into this large and evolving literature with a critical eye will observe that the concepts stakeholder, stakeholder model, stakeholder management, and stakeholder theory are explained and used by various authors in very different ways and supported (or critiqued) with diverse and often contradictory evidence and arguments. Moreover, this diversity and its implications are rarely discussed-and possibly not even recognized. (The blurred character of the stakeholder concept is also emphasized by Brummer, 1991.) The purpose of this article is to point out some of the more important distinctions, problems, and implications associated with the stakeholder concept, as well as to clarify and justify its essential content and significance. In the following section we contrast the stakeholder model of the corporation with the conventional input-output model of the firm and summarize our central thesis. We next present the three aspects of stakeholder theory -descriptive/empirical, instrumental, and normative found in the literature and clarify the critical differences among them. We then raise the issue of justification: Why would anyone accept the stakeholder theory over alternative conceptions of the corporation? In subsequent sections, we present and evaluate the underlying evidence and arguments justifying the theory from the perspective of descriptive, instrumental, and normative justifications. We conclude that the three approachesShow MoreRelatedStakeholders Theory5106 Words   |  21 PagesT he stakeholder theory is a theory of organizational management and business ethics that addresses morals and values in managing an organization.[1] It was originally detailed by R. Edward Freeman in the book Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach, and identifies and models the groups which are stakeholders of a corporation, and both describes and recommends methods by which management can give due regard to the interests of those groups. In short, it attempts to address the Principle of WhoRead MoreStakeholder Theory Vs. Stakeholder Thinking1160 Words   |  5 PagesStakeholder theory and definition Stakeholder is defined as â€Å"any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization’s objectives† (Freeman 1984). Stakeholder theory, when introduced in the 1980s, signify a major change in how relationships within a business might coexist and benefit one another. The concept of â€Å"Stakeholder theory† or â€Å"stakeholder thinking† is about identifying groups who are stakeholder in a corporation and manage them. It states that organizationsRead MoreStakeholder Theory Of The Firm1423 Words   |  6 PagesEven though the stakeholder theory of the firm served as a comprehensive fundamentally solid concept for corporate social responsibility to branch out of; without the stakeholder theory of the firm there is no corporate social responsibility and vice versa, because business cannot exist without society and society is not sustainable without business, due to advancements in the modern world, business and society h ave evolved, and traditional business theories have a narrow business scope, while contemporaryRead MoreAccounting Theory- Stakeholders1220 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion: Taking into account Figure 3.4 on page 45 of your textbook (Stakeholder Typology: One, Two, or Three Attributes Present) discuss the ‘Ethics in Practice case’ on page 46 (Are Plants and Flowers Stakeholders? Do they have rights?) Freeman (1984, P. 46) popularized the definition of a stakeholder as ‘. . . ANY group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization’s objectives’. This is a very broad definition meaning that in today’s global business environmentRead MoreManagerial Stakeholder Theory - Essay2991 Words   |  12 PagesManagerial Stakeholder Theory To predict real-life phenomena we need theories. Similarly, stakeholder theory is a theory which is used to explain the phenomena of motivation for corporate social disclosures. This research work is based on the concept of stakeholder theory and its practical applications in predicting the phenomena of corporate social disclosures (van der Laan 2009). Further there will be explanation of Managerial stakeholder theory. The concept of stakeholder theory has got popularityRead MoreDiscuss the Influential Role That Agency Theory, Transaction Cost Theory and Stakeholder Theory Have Played Both in the Conception and Reform of Corporate Governance. Your Discussions Should Include the Basic Concepts2027 Words   |  9 Pagesthree important theories in corporate governance, different theories using different terminology, and views corporate governance from different perspective. Some articles are used to support these theories in this paper. From the Cadbury Report in 1992, we can get the information that corporate governance is the system by which companies are directed and controlled, which involves a set of relationship between a company’s management, its board, its shareholders and other stakeholders, and the objectivesRead MoreShareholder Theory Or Stakeholder Theory1325 Words   |  6 Pages#1 Shareholder theory or stakehold er theory â€Å"There is one and only one social responsibility of business – to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say, engages in open and free competition without deception or fraud.† (Friedman) Friedman’s word perfectly defines the shareholder theory. However, stakeholder theorists, like John Mackey or Edward Freeman, argue that business has an ethical obligationRead MoreWhat is the Stakeholder Theory?1083 Words   |  5 PagesStakeholder can be defined as â€Å"any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization’s objectives†. This theory focuses on wider aspect rather than only focusing on just the shareholder. Stakeholder theory is a fundamental theory about how business works at its best and how it could work. It is concerning on the value creation and trade on how to manage a business effectively. A consequences of focusing on organization or company’s stakeholder is that the shareholderRead MoreAgency Theory And Stakeholder Theory1851 Words   |  8 PagesThe interests of stakeholders, including individuals, corporations and society, are in extreme conflict with each other and have different goals they want to be achieved. This essay will be arguing that social and non economic interests can be aligned as well as the interests of certain stakeholders, in particular the shareholders and executive directors/managers, can be aligned to a certain extent as there will still be some conflict in interests. The first half of this essay will be introduceRead MoreLegitimacy Theory Stakeholder Theory3298 Words   |  14 PagesPart A Section (i) The articles chosen for this essay paper were â€Å"Corporate Environmental Reporting: A test of legitimacy theory† by Trevor D. Wilmshurst and Geoffrey R. Frost and â€Å"The Stakeholder Theory: Concepts, Evidence and Implications† by Thomas Donaldson and Preston Lee. There were several factors that contributed to my choosing these particular articles for my study. First and foremost, these articles were both peer reviewed and the journals they were sourced from, namely the

Management System of the Global Business-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Management System of the Global Business Environment. Answer: Introduction The global business work environment includes the different issues and factors of the organization and management. It discusses the performance management of the organization using various factors and issues of the internal work environment. The various factors and performances of work environment include impact of work place factors on workers and productivity, decision and leadership traits, business and marketing strategy and the influence of their issues at work place (Bergh et al. 2016). Work place should be employee friendly in order to achieve maximum output, as ultimately, the employee creates profits for the organization. Performance management deals with employees performances, organizational behavior internally and externally, profit of the business, risk statement, company review in terms of financial matters. It encourages for a strong management in terms of stakeholders performances, their work conditions and output criteria, company reputation and goodwill in terms of business ethics and business marketing strategy. It also encourages for customer friendly services along with its internal benefit for their employees and the organization. employees benefit is the main purpose of performance management as employees hard work and actions determines companys output and performances. How Work Environment enhances the productivity in the workplace Several things taken in order to create a successful environment in the office, office furniture are also being one of them. The furniture in the office also helps to create productivity among the workers in the workplace (Hasle et al 2012). Other than this, the environment where the workers work needed to be quite comfortable and safe enough. According to the survey, stated that their employees feel comfort and secured having a strong culture of the engagement of the employee. It is important for the office to create open space removing the furniture which are proved to be unnecessary and also obstacles and also by creating a workplace that is smooth (Hasle et al 2012). The staffs here really matters as they get boost up on seeing the secured work environment in the office and this led them to cooperate with each other properly. From the point of view of external environment, the proper atmosphere having good quality of air and proper set up of rooms would enable the workers to concentrate on their works thoroughly (Murrell 2012). The company like Deloitte follows a proper policy for the employees to create an amicable working environment. Other than the geographical locations, the positivity of the working environment judged based on the psychology of the person and the behavior of the management team towards the particu lar person (Laihonen et al 2012). If the person feels quite satisfied with his job, the job satisfaction would increase for the workers and this lead to the productivity among the employees. Therefore, the psychological satisfaction is necessary at the same time to bring productivity in the work place (Manzoor 2012). At times, it has pointed out that the due to stress and pressure the employees are bound to perform better among the cutthroat organizations. This betterment on one hand would bring satisfaction to the employees and but also on the other hand would make the employees to feel stressed out and worry about taking such a huge risk. The psychology also here plays an important role in terms of productivity. Decision-making and leadership Decision-making includes proper understanding of the problems of the organization and creating the best solutions and decisions in order to maintain stability at work place (Laudon and Laudon 2016). A good decision includes planning, organizing, evaluating and execution of the planned decision. With the proper goal set, there must be certain available alternate viewpoints on a particular aspect. Once goal is set, well organized, then it must choose the best option available among the alternatives given. By analyzing company overall performances and with reference to present condition of the business and the market, it should choose decision wisely in order to create strength for the company. Stable and accurate decisions create strong market forces that finally create global competition with strong profits. Leadership A good leadership includes proper listening and understanding of the employees and other teammates. A good leader includes motivation spirit, team leading spirit, understanding, helping hand. A good leadership quality creates good team spirit at the work place. Thereby organization achieves profit if there is good leadership and decision-making. An organization to create standards and maximum output, then it must include efficient employees to earn good profit. Without efficiency in the work place, an organization cannot run smoothly, nor can it compete with other companies ( Kasemsap 2017).There must be the following behavioral traits of an efficient employee. Certain key behavioral traits of an efficient employee at work place are: Team work Desired target to finish the work Good Communicating skills Skilled and knowledgeable Disciplined and a good listener Punctuality Creative in Problem solving Positive thinker Confident about the assigned role Dedication and seriousness towards the work Leadership quality in team The first behavior is teamwork, doing work into teams creates less pressure of the work. In teamwork, there are chances of more work at less point in time. Teamwork creates positive impact to the organization, thus helps in building good reputation of the organization and helps in building good relation among employees (ONeill, P., Sohal, A. and Teng, C.W., 2016). Working in teams also sets deadline targets to complete the task ( Pollanen et al. 2017.) As an individual employee also, by finishing the work on time creates a good image of the employee at the work place. A good communication skill helps to solve various problems and issue at the work place. An employee should be well skilled and qualified for the required job designation, because an unskilled employee will create inefficiency in the work production which can influence in a negative way to the organization (Ridge and Ingram 2017). A good team spirit leads the entire team with supporting and caring attitude. To be an efficient employee and to build a good rapport at the organization, employee must be a good listener, punctual in the work and disciplined enough to maintain the professionalism. In case, if any problem arises, there must be some creative solutions to execute in order to solve the problem. The most important above all is to be a positive thinker as it leads to success (Rothenberg, Hull and Tang 2017). Good education qualification and correct job designation creates confidence and interest among the employees. There will be seriousness and dedication enough towards the job. Therefore, these are the certain key behaviors of an efficient employee. A good leadership and stable decision includes proper healthy communication with its subordinates in the organization. A good communication skill creates more production and friendly atmosphere at the work place. For an effective communication, there are few points to fulfill for the good communication skills (Van, Doore and Van de Walle 2016). They are verbal and non-verbal. Non-verbal communication includes way of communication includes body languages of an individual. Verbal is face-to-face communication. Effective communication includes listening, accuracy and clarity, friendly interaction, open minded, discipline and understanding nature. Effective listening to the issues can help to understand the issue with more clearly. One need a clear understanding of the problem then there should be a friendly and comfortable communication. This creates positive effect in the financial performances as well as in the environment. When business performance is strong financially and environmentally then it creates more output and productivity that in turn creates more competition for the expansion in global markets. Successful organization practices the performance management in order to create a strong growth globally. According to few authors, employees performance depends on employees motivation and dedication towards their work. Good facilities and friendly work environment create employee satisfactions. Therefore, an organization performance is totally dependant on employees and stakeholders. On addition to this, it also depends on leadership and proper managing of desired roles and activities of employees, staffs and other stakeholders. When an employee gets proper facilities and incentives, they tend to do their work with more interest, passion and dedication. A good leader, healthy work atmosphere and with proper and good decision management will boost the organization performances and standards thereby creates ne opportunities and trends in terms of global business. Performance management deals with overall performance of the organization in terms of quantity, quality, service, workers performance, work environment, business strategy and marketing. It includes standard quality goods and materials for production and output level. With the use of modern technology for better production of goods and services, it will create growth in the business profit and efficiency in standard. Conclusion The report provides in detailed information about the performance management of the business Company. It discusses various issues and factors that occur in an organization. It deals with the analysis of the overall business performances using various internal factors of the business environment. With good management of the performances and the functions of the organization, it creates efficiency in the production unit and greater output for the company. When company performs, well it creates global competition leading to new opportunities and investments. By providing good work ethics with employee friendly work environment, it creates motivation and more production at work place. This creates efficiency and more opportunities for the business domestically and globally. References Bergh, D.D., Aguinis, H., Heavey, C., Ketchen, D.J., Boyd, B.K., Su, P., Lau, C.L. and Joo, H., 2016. Using meta?analytic structural equation modeling to advance strategic management research: Guidelines and an empirical illustration via the strategic leadership?performance relationship.Strategic Management Journal,37(3), pp.477-497. Kasemsap, K., 2017. Unifying a framework of organizational culture, organizational climate, knowledge management, and job performance.Entrepreneurship: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, p.270. Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2016.Management information system. Pearson Education India. Laihonen, H., Jskelinen, A., Lnnqvist, A. and Ruostela, J., 2012. Measuring the productivity impacts of new ways of working.Journal of facilities management,10(2), pp.102-113. Hasle, P., Bojesen, A., Langaa Jensen, P. and Bramming, P., 2012. Lean and the working environment: a review of the literature.International Journal of Operations Production Management,32(7), pp.829-849. Manzoor, Q.A., 2012. Impact of employees motivation on organizational effectiveness.Business management and strategy,3(1), p.1. Murrell, K., 2012.Ergonomics: Man in his working environment. Springer Science Business Media ONeill, P., Sohal, A. and Teng, C.W., 2016. Quality management approaches and their impact on firms? financial performanceAn Australian study.International Journal of Production Economics,171, pp.381-393. Pollanen, R., Abdel-Maksoud, A., Elbanna, S. and Mahama, H., 2017. Relationships between strategic performance measures, strategic decision-making, and organizational performance: empirical evidence from Canadian public organizations.Public Management Review,19(5), pp.725-746. Ridge, J.W. and Ingram, A., 2017. Modesty in the top management team: Investor reaction and performance implications.Journal of Management,43(4), pp.1283-1306. Rothenberg, S., Hull, C.E. and Tang, Z., 2017. The impact of human resource management on corporate social performance strengths and concerns.Business Society,56(3), pp.391-418. Van Dooren, W. and Van de Walle, S. eds., 2016.Performance information in the public sector: How it is used. Springer.

Women Inequality Essay Example Essay Example

Women Inequality Essay Example Paper Women Inequality Essay Introduction Gender inequality remains a primary social theme in many of the countries in the world today, despite the many protests, columns, and media attention and women days celebrated. The failure to include women in the policy making process regarding themselves is a main cause of inability to succeed. Global violence against women, with no rights regarding sexual health, reproduction and education are some of the basic themes that deny women their equal right in the society. Income gaps are another central theme found regarding women, and domestic violence and sexual assault are now among the common findings in many societies of the world. The question is more disturbing when considering violation of women’s rights in liberal democratic governments, which are supportive of rights of every human being. Whether they be European, Asian or African countries, women are experiencing different levels of hindrance regarding their gender roles and equality in the distribution of various task s and wages. (Crompton, Brockmann and Lyonnette, 2005, pp 213) although the modernization of the attitudes in this regard has led to less traditional models of society found in these regions, there is still a significant gap that must be over come. (Crompton, Brockmann and Lyonnette, 2005, pp 214) Globalization and post colonization have although led to rapid development of the world and the modern society, but it was not able to provide equal opportunity to all during this time. the women and children were significantly affected, and this disbalance created still remains to this day. The present complications in the governing and the social systems are so great that ideas such as universal theories have limited application. There are significant questions about how such inequality will be resolved, and how outcomes will be achieved. Liberal democratic values were a very interesting slogan and platform for feminists when this concept was introduced, but with time, this ideal too has fallen prey to the cultural and social norms of the various societies where it presides in. (Smith, 2001, n.p.) Women Inequality Essay Body Paragraphs It is important to realize that now the situation favoring women’s rights is better than it was before. Although many of the problems and plights the women face globally have not changed at all, still the effect to which women have been able to raise their voice and gain the attention of those in power is an important achievement. China for example, is one of the significant countries, which gave recognition to the women’s cause via Beijing Platform of Action of PFA. (Aleman and Susskind, 2000, n.p.) This is a very significant accomplishment for women’s activist to achieve in a traditionally set country of china, which itself is suffering from neglect of women’s rights. So far this platform has provided the most significant voice to the women’s cause, and has made the impact to enroll other countries’ cooperation. The importance of realizing a role of a woman in the economic perspective of the society along with the other social roles is an i mportant part of improving global economy. (Aleman and Susskind, 2000, n.p.) Yet these victories are not significant compared to the problems that women still face on the advent of the twenty first century. Although liberals claim that their countries are now providing the best rights protection to the women, the facts are completely reverse of the statement. Liberal theory is not being applied in the practical sense. Religious and cultural norms remain the biggest challenge to be surmounted in the today’s world society. And the countries which claim liberalism to all, fail miserably in their claims regarding rights for women. (Stopler, 2003, n.p.) Some of the countries which claim to hold the highest values of liberal democracies are at a loss when they come to explain their rights for women. India, Israel and the USA, although catering from different regional, social and religious perspectives, still remain on of the most ignorant of their women’s rights. Feminists a gree on the patriarchal role of liberal theories and practice in today’s world, which is denying women their rights. This thinking is not only affecting the liberal democracies in recognizing the women’s roles, but is also affecting capitalism with the same tendency. These democracies do not take into account the gender specific roles that women carry out apart from various economic roles. (Stopler, 2003, np) The religious and cultural practices are so deeply interconnected with the system that now even the violations of rights cannot be asserted accurately. Learning from the examples of the US, the Israel and the India, we see one of the most significant breaches of women’s rights. Religious doctrines prohibit women to be in the head positions of religious sects. And women are not allowed to participate in many of the social decision making roles without their male relative’s consent. Marriage and divorce issues in Israel are subjected to greatest inequa lity regarding gender. India discriminated women on the basis of their sex, morality, religious inclinations, and the caste system in Hinduism, and in various socioeconomic parts of life. (Stopler, 2003, np) Another challenge being thrown in front of the feminists of today is the equally strong debate about how western civilization is denying women’s rights and liberties. This is in light of the universality concept and how it is useless to try to apply to different cultures with completely different views regarding life and women to be applicable at all, if in any way successful. (Smith, 2001, nd) While many of the ideas of the feminists may be very strong, arguers claim that creating a universal model that will fit problems of women all around the world will bring more complications to the situation than any relief or even support. By creating a aura of competition between the sexes, the arguers claim that there is a developing mutual hatred between both sexes for each othe r, which will deteriorate communication and complicate relationships on all levels. Rather, the idea should be to create an environment where there is mutual understanding and appreciation of the roles played by both genders, and then dividing them according to the need of the times. In the eastern cultures for example, many of the Middle Eastern countries are now creating their own media propagation about understanding the various differences of both sexes and how both can compliment each other’s existence. Instead of the blame game, these liberalists believe that only understanding and respect will be able to gain ground. (Smith, 2001, n.p) Similarly, while religion is claimed to be one of the most affecting areas that is oppressing women, many liberalists do not understand that religion is a personal issue and a matter of choice for many of the people. In that way, it holds a significant part of their lives and their mode of thinking. While religion may be claimed to be an oppressive part of the woman’s strife to liberation, it may be a very important part of her life, without which many women may not survive. In many of the eastern and Asian cultures for example, the religion and culture are very important parts of a person’s identity, and many of these attributes may not even affect women’s liberal themes at all. Therefore, feminists who are trying to completely eliminate religion and culture from the equation may not do so, because without them a woman may be actually left with nothing to have a definition of. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS In short even the liberal societies of the world are facing gender inequality issues due to the complicated web of religious and cultural ties that binds each woman in this regard. The feminist workers realize this fact and therefore are working on reducing the impact of such cultural and religious inequalities. Many of the scholars support the fact that in the past, the religion has been tempered to suit the needs of men and ensure the suppression of women. The original sin concept of Christianity is among the most significant discriminators of gender, where women are considered below average and sinful, wicked persons. In order to remove this bias, the essential requirement is to eliminate the flaws that have been created by men in the society and to put forward the religious equalities as stated by many religions. Islam for example, gives very strong support to the equal rights of women, but cultural practices have made it impossible for any woman to raise her voice against it. Therefore in order for women to empower themselves with equal right opportunities, it is important to clarify the importance of gender equality and role distribution in normal lives and how they can help improve the outcomes of the nations on the whole. (Nazir, np, nd) However, even with these concepts in the mind, it is essential to understand that there are many aspects of many societies that are not in any way inhibitory for women to carry out different facets of life. religion and culture form a major part of many civilizations even today. And while many may claim that religion is a binding part of a culture, without it, most of the cultures cannot survive at all. Most of the western cultures of today are now suffering from lack of identity, lack of culture or religious inclinations. The resulting psychological complications that are arising from the dissolution of the social fabric is a fact of the failure of such a system. introducing a culture where religion and social cultural themes are obliterated in the name of women’s liberation may not leave any thing to celebrate freedom of. In conclusion, while liberal democracies remain useless in implementing various social equalities for women in many societies of the world, there are many social, cultural and religious factors that are influencing it. For a current feminist who intends to make a significant c hange in the women’s rights conditions around the world, he or she must understand the various facets that contribute to it, and not blindly place one size fits all theory of universality for women around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Women Inequality Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Women Inequality Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Women Inequality Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

The Growth of Alternative Medicine

The Growth of Alternative Medicine Free Online Research Papers The Medicine of the Future: The Growth of Alternative Medicine in Society Alternative medicine is a very general term whose definition can be quite controversial. It includes many holistic techniques for preventing and treating illnesses. Acupuncture and many other therapies have long been a part of Asian cultures and have recently integrated into the Western culture. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) comprises a wide variety of healing philosophies, approaches, and therapies. Alternative medicine should be considered a real compliment to conventional medicine due to its standard of practice, treatment, and costs. From Reflexology and Rolfing to shiatsu and dream work, a mass of alternative medical therapies confronts us today. James Whorton notes in Nature Cures that the recent explosion in alternative medicine actually reflects two centuries of competition and conflicts between mainstream medicine and numerous unorthodox systems. The history of alternative medicine in America brought by Asian cultures examines the major systems that have emerged from 1800 to the present. Alternative medicine practitioners take a holistic approach to health (Whorton13). Alternative medical systems built upon complete systems of theory and practice. Often, these systems evolved apart from and earlier than conventional medical approaches used in U.S. Examples of alternative medical systems that have developed in Western cultures include acupuncture, homeopathic medicine, and naturopathic medicine. Systems that have developed in non-western culture include traditional Chinese medicine and ayurveda. Mind and body medicine uses a variety of techniques designed to enhance the mind’s capacity to affect bodily function and symptoms. Some techniques that were considered CAM in the past have become mainstream, for example patient’s support groups and cognitive behavior therapies. Biologically based therapies in CAM use substances found in nature but yet scientifically unproven therapies. Manipulative and body-based methods in CAM are based on manipulation and/or movement for one or more parts of the body; these include chiropractic or osteopathi c manipulation and massage. Energy therapies involve the use of energy fields such as biofield therapies and are included to affect energy fields that surround the human body. Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies involve the unconventional use of electrons, a genetic field such as pulse fields, magnetic fields, or alternative current or direct current fields (Whorton 277). Acupuncture is a strong component in China and can be traced to the Chinese health care system for at least 2,500 years (Kowalski 49). The procedure involves inserting hair-thin steel surgical needles into specific points in the body, which are supposed to make one feel better and be healthier. This is only the technical aspect though. To understand the art of this procedure, one must have a background in Chinese medicine. How it works is this: health is achieved though the balance of the opposing forces between yin (spirit), and yang (blood). The attraction between them creates an energy called Qi (pronounced chee). This energy flows to all parts of the body through channels, which are known as meridians (pathways that run along the surface of the body and branch into the bodys interior). An imbalance in these forces is what is believed to cause illness and disease. When needles are placed on the acupuncture points along the meridians, balance and, hence, health is restored. â€Å" There is several styles of acupuncture, the differences being how the acupuncture points are stimulated, be it by hand pressure, electrical impulse, ultrasound, or wavelengths of light† noted Bernal. Acupuncture was introduced to American doctors by Sir William Osler (Whorton 263), who is often called the father of modern medicine. In a classic medical textbook written more than a century ago, he said, Acupuncture is the most effective treatment of all for acute lumbago, [.] ordinary bonnet needles, sterilized, will do (Whorton 263). The first time acupuncture really got notice was not until 1972. James Reston, a New York Times correspondent, was assigned to cover President Nixons now historic trip to China. During his stay, Reston had an emergency appendectomy and was treated with acupuncture for the postoperative pain he had to endure. The report of his experience with acupuncture caught the interest of many American doctors who wanted to see how the Chinese used acupuncture as an anesthetic. Many non-physicians went to train overseas or with acupuncturists who had been silently practicing in the States, in many Asian communities. These people then fought to gain laws that woul d allow acupuncture to be practiced legally in the US (Whorton 265). In contrast to acupuncture, ayurveda â€Å"the science of life† is based on the belief that the natural state of the body is one of balance. We become ill when this balance is disrupted, with specific conditions or symptoms indicating a specific disease or imbalance. Ayurveda emphasizes strengthening and purifying the whole person, whereas in conventional medicine, the focus is on a set of symptoms or an isolated region of the body (Chopra 14). Currently in the United States, there are two adaptations of classical Ayurvedic medicine being practiced. Maharishi Ayur-Veda was started within the past decade by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, the Hindu swami best known for popularizing Transcendental Meditation (Chopra 148). Most of the published studies of Ayurveda are on this type, which concentrates on consciousness and meditation as key in health and healing. Dr. Deepak Chopra, a Western-trained endocrinologist, recently popularized the more traditional type of Ayurveda. While advocating the use of meditation, this type places more emphasis on the other Ayurvedic mind-body modalities such as yoga, breathing, and massage therapy, in an attempt to regain balance (Chopra 18). The name, homeopathy, comes from the Greek word â€Å"homio†, meaning â€Å"like†, and â€Å"pathos†, meaning â€Å"suffering†. Homeopathic medicines treat illness by going with, rather than against, symptoms that are seen as the bodys natural defenses. In contrast, allopathic or conventional medicine acts by suppressing the symptoms of illness (Kowalski 22). The underlying philosophy of homeopathy, known as similia similibus curentur or like may be cured by like, was developed by Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843), a German physician, while experimenting with cinchona bark (quinine) as a cure for malaria (Kowalski 27). When Hahnemann administered cinchona to himself, he developed the symptoms of malaria fever, diarrhea, vomiting, pain, and numb fingers and toes; however, when quinine was given to a patient complaining of those same symptoms of malaria, he found it helped them fight the illness. From his initial experiment, Hahnemann and his students methodically tested thousands of substances in a process called provings (Kowalski 28). The practice of homeopathic medicine flourished in both Europe and the United States in the late 1800s until the early 1900s. In the early 1900s, there were 22 homeopathic medical schools and over 100 homeopathic hospitals in the United States (Whorton 70). The practice of homeopathic medicine dropped sharply with the rise of allopathic medicine, but it has regained its popularity in recent years. In Europe, it continues to be practiced along with conventional medicine, particularly in England, France, Germany, and Greece. Homeopathy is extremely popular in India which has over one hundred, four-year homeopathic medical schools and it is also practiced in Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, and South Africa (Whorton 81). These are just a few examples of how alternative medicine can work. In comparing conventional medicine to alternative medicine, many doctors dismiss alternative medicine as unproven, ineffective, and potentially dangerous nonsense, leading advocates to seek the kind of evidence that will persuade the scientific community at large. Claire Rayner of the Doctor Patient Partnership is skeptical and says patients should tread carefully if they are looking for alternative treatment because science proves that is not always the answer (Arias 34). For example, hormone therapies have not proven very successful with natural health. Most cancers often survive any type of natural treatment and in most cases claim the patient’s life. A major objection to alternative medicine is that it is done in place of conventional medical treatments. As long as alternative treatments are used in addition to standard conventional medical treatments, most physicians find most forms of complementary medicine acceptable (Fine 23). Consistent with previous studies, the CDC recently reported that the majority of individuals in the United States (i.e., 55%) used CAM in conjunction with conventional medicine (More Americans). Patients should however always inform their physician if they are using alternative medicine. Some patients do not tell their doctors since they fear it will hurt their patient-doctor relationship. While there are those physicians who practice complementary medicine who believe there is value in alternative forms of treatment, care must be taken when these treatments are used in conjunction with mainstream medicine. Some alternative treatments however can interfere with regular treatments. An example is the comb ination of chemotherapy and large doses of vitamin C, which can severely damage the kidneys. Some methods once considered alternative have later been adopted by conventional medicine, when confirmed by controlled studies indicating the boundary lines between the two have changed over time. Many very old conventional medical practices are now seen as alternative medicine, as modern controlled studies have shown that certain treatments were not actually effective. Supporters of alternative methods suggest that much of what is currently called alternative medicine will be similarly assimilated by the mainstream in the future (Sierpina 281). Alternative medicine provides the public with services not available from conventional medicine. This argument covers a range of areas, such as patient empowerment, alternative methods of pain management, methods that support the biopsychosocial model of health, cures for specific health concerns, and stress reduction services. Another preventative health service that is not typically a part of conventional medicine or complementary medicines palliative care, and is practiced by world-renowned cancer centers is COX-2 inhibiting herbs. The inhibition of COX-2 enzyme significantly reduces the inflammation that is currently linked with arthritis, colon and other cancers, and Alzheimer’s disease (Newmark 23). While taking these herbs and undergoing alternative therapies there is a concern that patients may delay seeking conventional medicine that could be more effective, and potentially resulting in harm. Relying on the placebo effect is therefore dangerous, since it may convince people that the alternative treatment works while it is in fact only the placebo effect. People who are thus convinced that alternative medicine helped them with a mere inconvenience may be tempted to use ineffective alternative medicine for a serious, possibly life-threatening illness. Due to the wide range of types of alternative medicine, few criticisms apply across the board. Criticisms directed at specific branches of alternative medicine range from the minor (conventional treatment is believed to be more effective in a particular area) to potential violations of the known laws of physics, for example, in homeopathy. While some scientific evidence exists regarding CAM therapies many forms of alternative medicine are rejected by conventional medicine, because the efficacy of the treatments has not been demonstrated through double-blind randomized controlled trails (Arias 34). Where alternative methods provide temporary symptomatic relief, this has been explained as being due to the placebo effect, natural healing, or the cyclic nature of some illnesses. Practices termed as alternative medicine have caused deaths indirectly when patients have used alternatives in attempts to treat such conditions as appendicitis and failed. Proponents of alternative medicine say that people should be free to choose whatever method of healthcare they want. Critics agree that people should be free to choose, but when choosing, people must be certain that whatever method they choose will be safe and effective. People who choose alternative medicine may think they are choosing a safe, effective medicine, while they may only be getting pretend remedies. This can be a particular issue in the treatment of children, animals, and individuals whose capacity to evaluate the treatment is impaired (Kowalski 24). When examining health care where it is state-funded or funded by medical insurance, alternative therapies are often not covered and must be paid for by the patient. Further, in some countries, some branches of alternative medicine are not properly regulated. Therefore, there is no governmental control on who practices and no real way of knowing what training or expertise they possess in these countries. â€Å"CAM treatments are not reimbursed by health plans in United States, but auto accidents or Workers Comp and some Blue Cross Blue Shield management plans covers this treatment, and they are out of pocket expense,† noted Bernall. Homeopaths have to be licensed in one or more organization for managed care reimbursement. Even though researchers show great benefit from homeopathy drugs they need to be licensed or work under an acupuncturist, naturopath, M.D. or D.O. (Ullman 72). The uses of CAM therapies are evolving but the physicians do not have enough knowledge; their main concern is the safety and efficiency of CAM. In the past there is a thin based and underpowered study on CAM. Increasing numbers of medical colleges have begun offering courses in alternative medicine; however, the term used in the universities is â€Å"integrative medicine† (Sierpina 280).The practitioner of CAM focuses on the patient, as a whole being. This will lead to an era where both conventional and alternative medicine will be practiced. â€Å"It is an approach that many physicians use† (Sierpina 281). Many health systems offer CAM therapies as an awareness program for pain management, in conjunction with their standard care (Sierpina 281). Alternative medicine is popular among the Eastern cultures as well as Western cultures. Since patients and the societies general care is shifting to alternative method of care the idea that a collection system could be implemented in a CAM clinic utilizing several treatment modalities has merit. Outcomes demonstrated both a significant reduction in pain and improvement in quality of life for subject who utilized acupuncture, chiropractic, or naturopathy treatments. While whole medical systems differ in their philosophical approaches to the prevention and treatment of disease, they share a number of common elements. These systems are based on the belief that one’s body has the power to heal itself. Treatment is often individualized and dependant on the presenting symptoms. The alternative medicine should be used as a system with conventional medicine. Work Cited Arias, Donya c. â€Å"Alternative Medicines’ popularity prompts concern.† Nation’s Health August 2004(34:6). Bernall, Fernando. Personal Interview. 31 May 2005 Chopra, Deepak M.D. Quantum Healing. New York: Bantam Books.1989. Fine, Allan. â€Å"Growth in Demand for CAM.† Complementary Alternative Medicine Managed care quarterly 2005, 13(2):23 Kowalski, Kathiann M. Alternative Medicine Is IT For YOU? Springfield, New Jersey: Enslow Publishers, 1998. More Americans Than Ever Use CAM, Says CDC. Nursing 2004 September 2004.73. Newmark, Thomas M and Paul Schulick. Beyond Aspirin. Arizona: HOHM press, 2000. Sierpina, Victor. S M.D. â€Å"complementary and Alternative Medicine: Introduction,† Southern Medical Association March 2005 (98:3):280-281 Ullman, Dana. â€Å"Homeopathy and Managed care: manageable or unmanageable?† The journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 1999 (5):65-73 Whorton, James c. Natures Cures the History of Alternative Medicine in America. New York: oxford university press, 2002. Research Papers on The Growth of Alternative MedicineArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Genetic EngineeringBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaOpen Architechture a white paperInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanTwilight of the UAW

City Spotlight Houston Job Market Growing Fastest in Nation

City Spotlight Houston Job Market Growing Fastest in Nation maybe your only association with texas’s largest and most diverse city is its relationship with nasa’s johnson space center (aka mission control, ala â€Å"houston, we have a problem†) or nickname it acquired after hurricane katrina: â€Å"the big heart.† what you may not know is that it’s been rebounding from the recession faster than practically any other city in the country. a city at the head of the best top 10 listshouston’s unemployment rate is significantly below the national average. in addition, its low cost of living contributes to its standing as the nation’s highest-paying city, it was insulated from the housing bubble that rocked the rest of the country- and it is the number one city in the u.s. for job creation! suck it, every other city!top job categories# of jobsaverage salaryhealthcare20,110$54,080sales12,122$44,990computers11,201$88,234financial services and banking8,208$82,618administrative office work7,502$36,546en gineering and architecture5,465$103,334customer service call center4,151$34,064marketing, advertising business dev.3,962$64,516operations, logistics warehousing3,761$50,000human resources / recruiting3,346$51,000 [source: thejobnetwork]according to new geography.com:[t] he average annual wage in 2011 was $59,838, eighth highest in the nation. what puts houston at the top of the list is the region’s relatively low cost of living, which includes such things as consumer prices and services, utilities and transportation costs and, most importantly, housing prices: the ratio of the median home price to median annual household income in houston is only 2.9, remarkably low for such a dynamic urban region. . . adjusted for cost of living, the average houston wage of $59,838 is worth $66,933, tops in the nation.a city of reinventionthrough 2014, houston has recovered 300% of jobs lost to the recession- possibly due to its vibrant port trades and 26 fortune 500 company headquarters. many of those recovered jobs were in the energy industry- including conoco phillips, marathon oil, sysco, apache and more.houston is so business-friendly, more than 100 internationally owned companies expanded, relocated, or were founded there in the past 5 years.healthcare professionals can also find lots to occupy themselves in houston- the texas medical center is the single largest employer in the city, with 21 hospitals, 8 academic and research institutions, and 50 related not-for-profit organizations. the university of texas m.d. anderson center’s premier cancer research hospital is at the heart of it.a thriving place to live and learnhousing is more affordable in houston, and it’s third in the nation for green space per capita. two major universities call houston home- the university of houston and rice university, one of the country’s best undergraduate schools for the applied sciences.mark rothko contributed to the design of â€Å"the rothko chapel,â⠂¬  which joins 19 other museums and the houston museum of fine arts, one of the finest collections of american arts and furniture craft in the country. it hosts its own fashion week, attracting homegrown and international designers.another bonus- travel + leisure magazine named houston its best city for foodies this year:the city ranked at no. 1 in three separate food categories: burgers, brunch, and specialty food shops (like revival market, where local gourmands stock up on artisanal cheeses, charcuterie and house-made pickles and jams). houston also knows how to break free of american-style convention: one hot new place, dak bop, does korean-style fried chicken with spicy sauces, paired with blackberry chili margaritas. speaking of burgers, though, it’s hard to leave town without enjoying one of the old-school, mustard-laced big boys at lankford grocery,   or the acclaimed 3-oz. sliders at little bigs in the museum district, which also offers a respectably long wine l ist- after all, the city ranked at no. 3 for vino.houston is well-known for its vietnamese, cajun, and mexican food. there’s also an outpost of uchi, one of america’s most lauded sushi restaurants!so if you’re in the market for a new home base that can give you cultural resources, good eats, and a promising job market- consider addinghouston to your list of possibilities!here are the top companies that are hiring in houston right now:1. lowe’s2. hcr manorcare3. crossmark4. johnson johnson5. general dynamics information technology  6. boeing company7. life time  8. quest diagnostics9. whole foods market10.  matrix

History of Immigration in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of Immigration in the US - Essay Example There are negative aspects to having such an ethnically diverse population, such as racism and social class boundaries drawn along racial lines; African Americans, for example, generally earn less than their Caucasian counterparts. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the history of immigration has shaped the United States and how it affects the population. The first immigration can be said to be one of the most important. As previously mentioned, the Western Europeans brought with them African slaves, and it is perhaps partly due to the lingering thought that African Americans are associated with this slave trade that draws one of the most important cultural boundaries. African Americans experience high levels of racism, as evidenced by the presence of ‘Christian’ groups such as the KKK who continue to exist in the U.S. today and work towards ethnically cleansing the country. African Americans earn less and are frequently found in the most deprived areas, suggest ing that there is still a lot of work to be done to counteract this earlier negativity. Another important aspect of this first wave of immigration is the treatment of the Native Americans who were already residing in the area. The white colonists felt that the native groups were in many ways inferior, as well as bringing with them several infectious diseases that were problematic. This led to a large decrease in the number of Native Americans residing in the United States and forceful land-grabbing ensuring that these people could no longer live their traditional lifestyles. Again, Native Americans suffer from racism and economic problems, which could be seen as a result of this earlier cultural boundary drawn by the colonists. In the 19th century, the Western Europeans again began to migrate en-masse to the United States. Two important cultural groups arriving with this wave were the Germans and the Irish, both leaving their home countries because of unfavourable conditions there a nd the promise of the American Dream. The Nativist/Know Nothing movement strongly opposed these immigrations because it was felt that they could disrupt the social balance of the country. Importantly, the Irish immigrants were predominantly Catholic and it was felt that, because they were under the control of the Pope in Rome, there would be an upheaval of the style of Christianity already established in the U.S. The 19th century also saw the passing of the Chinese Exclusion Act, which said that there were only to be a certain number of Chinese immigrants into the country. At first, Chinese immigrants were seen as important to the economy of the United States but after the economic situation improved, they began to be blamed for white unemployment. There was often violence against the Chinese in California because of the passing of this act. This era also saw the mass immigration of Polish Jews attempting to escape the Russian empire and religious persecution, and these people were again generally refused entry after the immigration quota was reached. Racism was, and still is, an important issue for the Chinese and Jewish people, perhaps because of their treatment during this time. In conclusion, it is easy to see how the United States has become such an ethnically diverse country and how these different events have shaped the racial landscape of the country. Many of these immigration events, and those that came after, still have an

The policy of New York articulated subway train Research Paper

The policy of New York articulated subway train - Research Paper Example The metropolitan transportation authority of New York resolved that enhancement of public transit system so that one can travel throughout NYC seamlessly and easily is the biggest goals in the transportation sector (Carrigy p.1). This triggered the formulation of a policy that whose objective is replacement of the old trains with the articulated trains. Several benefits are attributable to the articulated trains as the document discusses. New York City is embarking upon a massive re-branding campaign so as to increase the visibility of New York as a tourist destination. This will increase access to transportation system in New York and hence enhance system’s connectivity. This has never been important as it is today partly because of the massive increase of population. It has been noted that NYC is faced with a unique challenge mostly because it already have crowded population and the population is also growing (Middleton 4). However, populations in other major metropolitan cities such as Chicago and Los Angeles have leveled off in the recent time. New York City’s population has not revealed signs of tapering anytime soon. The policy or idea of articulated trains in New York is as old as the year 1924. In the year 1924, the Brookline-Manhattan transit corporation introduced a policy for a triplex. It was a hinged multi-sectioned body. It operated in the lines B, D, N, Q and R for a period of 40 years. The policy represented the height of the transit modernity. The system was effective just in the New York municipality. They are, however, not in operation today. However, the transportation system has the potential of accommodating the technology of articulated trains although rebranding is essential (Wortman 12). The metropolitan transportation authority has, therefore, rolled out a policy of reintroduction of the articulated trains. The policy was communicated in the year 2013. It is expected to be fully

Role of Natural Resources in the Politics and Economy of the Middle East Essay Example for Free

Role of Natural Resources in the Politics and Economy of the Middle East Essay For the last 60 years oil has been of major importance for the economies of the Middle East. The region has about one-half of the world’s oil reserves and approximately one-quarter of global supplies of natural gas. Middle East oil has been an intermittent preoccupation for western governments and business, particularly throughout the dramatic 1973-4 and 1979 oil price rises, as these had a most important impact on the world economy. Within the region itself, oil production has accounted for a considerable proportion of national product and been the main source of government finance. The earnings produced from oil have not merely contributed to development funding in the oil-exporting states however have as well flowed into the non-oil economies through inter-government assistance, remittances and, to a lesser extent, private investment flows. (Marc J OReilly, 1999). Oil and gas exports are likely to stay vital for the economies of the Middle East for the predictable future, regardless of the price reductions since the mid-1980s. The price of oil has had a major impact on past development trends, as well as the region’s economic prospects cannot be assessed without some predictions of future price changes. The determinants of oil prices are as a result of very important interest as far as Middle East development is concerned. NATURAL RESOURCES The Middle East holds considerable quantities of natural wealth in forms other than oil reserves—for instance, the phosphate deposits of the Maghreb, which contain nearly half of the worlds known reserves of that mineral. In the area at large, extensive mineral surveying has taken place in the past decade, as firms and governments have searched for new sources of prosperity and for the means to greater economic diversification. Despite these efforts, petroleum remains of such overwhelming economic and geopolitical importance that other mineral resources are relatively insignificant. The development of the Middle Eastern oil industry began in 1901 with the granting of a concession by the Persian government to William Knox DArcy, a British engineer. In exchange for the rights to search for and exploit petroleum resources in Persia, excluding the northern provinces where Russian influence was strong, the terms of the concession required the operating company or companies to pay the Persian government ? 20, 000 in cash and ? 20, 000 in stock. In addition, the Persian government was to receive 16 percent of annual net profits, plus a small annual payment of about ? 4,000. (R. K. Ramazani, 1998). The British government took an interest in the search for oil from the beginning. At that time, it was determined to convert the Royal Navy from coal to oil, but the British Empire lacked a secure and adequate source of petroleum. In 1907, Great Britain reached an agreement with Russia whereby the latter was awarded a zone of influence in northern Persia and Great Britain was recognized as the dominant foreign power in the south. A neutral zone was left in the center. The Admiralty arranged for financial support of DArcys search activities, and oil was struck in 1902. In 1909, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) was formed, and a refinery was built in the Gulf on the island of Abadan. In 1914, the British government moved to acquire 51 percent of the APOC stock (outstanding). These events established the precedents of petroleum exploitation through concessions granted by host countries to foreign enterprise, equity participation and profit sharing by host countries, and the participation by the concessionaires home government in Middle Eastern enterprise. (Sheikh R. Ali, 1986). During the interwar years, oil operations spread around the northern end of the Gulf into Iraq, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia. In this period, the industry was controlled by the major international companies, often referred to as the â€Å"seven sisters. † By 1976, more than 104 billion barrels of crude oil had been lifted in the area since the inception of the modern industry. The enormity of Middle Eastern reserves can be gauged from the estimation that more than three times this amount remained to be lifted. At the 1976 annual rate of production of 9 billion barrels, the Middle Eastern proved reserves/output ratio shows that production could last another 39 years. (Sheikh R. Ali, 1986). Although it is a commonly used indication of production potential, the proved reserves/output ratio is not an accurate indicator of how long oil production actually will continue. For one thing, prospective or probable reserves are not included in the numerator, and new additions will continue to be made in the proved reserves category for years to come. Furthermore, variations in worldwide economic activity cause shifts in demand and current output. A short-term decline in output can cause a temporary rise in the reserves/ output ratio, as happened in 1975. Other things being the same, the assessment of reserve life made during a recession year could give a different impression from one made during a boom year. Finally, states sometimes revise their reported proved reserves because of research findings or for political reasons. Saudi Arabia, for example, abruptly cut its estimated reserves for January 1976 from 148. 6 billion barrels to 107. 8 billion barrels only to restore the estimate to 151. 4 billion barrels in 1977. This resulted in substantial variations in the reserves/output ratio for the whole Middle East. For these reasons, the reserves/production ratio should not be used in forecasting without suitable qualifications. Although the ultimate size of reserves and the duration of production in the Middle East are imponderables, there is greater certainty now about relative costs of production. The incremental unit cost of Middle Eastern crude, including finding, developing, and operating costs, are the lowest in the world. In the 1980s, per barrel necessary costs in 1972 dollars are expected to range from 15 to 20 on the Arabian Gulf. In contrast, North Sea oil is expected to cost $1. 50 to $2. 00 per barrel, and in the United States, medium-cost oil is forecast at $3. 30 to $6. 70 per barrel. Since per barrel prices for Gulf oil have risen to 60 to 80 times operating costs, economic profits at the lifting stage of the production process are exceptionally large for oil from this source. (Nora Bensahel, Daniel L. Byman, 2003). Oil reserves are providing the exporting countries with levels of income far in excess of those that otherwise would have been achieved. Petroleum resources thus are serving to compensate for deficiencies in agricultural resources and human skills. The relationship among resources, income growth, and economic development is complex, however, so that, in certain cases, growth based on the exploitation of natural resources can occur without commensurate economic development.

The Central Processing Unit :: essays research papers

The Central Processing Unit Microprocessors, also called central processing units (CPUs), are frequently described as the "brains" of a computer, because they act as the central control for the processing of data in personal computers (PCs) and other computers. Chipsets perform logic functions in computers based on Intel processors. Motherboards combine Intel microprocessors and chipsets to form the basic subsystem of a PC. Because it's part of every one of your computer's functions, it takes a fast processor to make a fast PC. These processors are all made of transistors. The first transistor was created in 1947 by a team of scientists at Bell Laboratories in New Jersey. Ever since 1947 transistors have shrunk dramitically in size enabling more and more to be placed on each single chip. The transistor was not the only thing that had to be developed before a true CPU could be produced. There also had to be some type of surface to assemble the transistors together on. The first chip made of semiconducitve material or silicon was invented in 1958 by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments. Now we have the major elements needed to produce a CPU. In 1965 a company by the name of Intel was formed and they began to produce CPU's shortly thereafter. Gordon Moore, one of the founders of Intel, predicted that the number of transistor placed on each CPU would double every 18 months or so. This sounds almost impossible, however this has been a very accutate estimation of the evolution of CPUs. Intel introduced their first processor, a 4004, in November of 1971. This first processor had a clock speed of 108 kilohertz and 2,300 transistors. It was used mainly for simple arithmetic manipulation such as in a calculator. Ever since this first processor was introduced the market has done nothing but soared to unbelievable highs. The first processor common in personal computers was the 8088. This processor was introduced in June of 1978. It could be purchased in three different clock speeds starting at 5 Megahertz and going up to 10 Megahertz. This CPU had 29,000 transistors. Then came the 80286 and 80386 processors. The 386 was the first processor to be introduced in the DX, SX, and SL versions. Next came the 80486 processors of which there were even more choices here. The first 486 processor had 1,200,000 transistors and the latest have 1.4 million transistors. There clock speeds varied any where from 16 MHz on the first ones to 100 MHz on the most recent 486 processors. Some of which are still in use in homes all around the country.

XI accountancy CBSE Board

Do you hink the Accountant has correctly recorded the interest on the loan? Give reason for your reply. 7. Write down the main features of Partnership. 8. When does the need for valuation of internally generated goodwill arise? Y IT tne amount 0T super pront Is negatlve, wnat does It Inalca e 10. Prithvi is admitted to the partnership and the goodwill he was to bring in is Rs. 50, 000. But, he is not in a position to bring in the goodwill. The accountant has recorded an entry in the books of account debiting ‘Goodwill Account' and crediting ‘Sacrificing Partner's Capital Account'.Do you think, he has recorded the entry correctly? Give reasons for your reply. 11. X and Y are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 3:2. Z Joins for 1/6 th share in the running business on 1st April 2011. Z was given guarantee of Rs. 48,000 per annum but unfortunately Z died on 1 st July 2011. Profit during the current year to be accrued on the same scale as in the previous year. Profit earn ed during the year was Rs. Calculate the amount of deficiency borne by X and Y. 3 Marks 12. Write down the provisions applicable in the absence of Partnership Agreement. 3 Marks 13. X, Y and Z are partners sharing profit equally.X drew regularly Rs. ,000 at the beginning of every month for six months ended 30th September 2011. Y drew regularly Rs. 4,000 at the end of every month for six months ended 30th September 2011. Z drew regularly Rs. 4,000 at the middle of every month for six months ended 30 th September 2011. Calculate the interest on drawings for X, Y and Z at 5%p. a. 3 Marks 14. Write down three differences between drawings against profit and drawings against capital. 3 Marks 15. The average profit of the firm is Rs. The total tangible assets in the firm are Rs. 14, 00,000 and outside liabilities are Rs.In the same type of usiness, the normal rate of return is 10% of the capital employed. Calculate the value of goodwill by Capitalisation of Super Profit Method. 4 Marks 16. A and B are partners in a firm. Their respective capital contributions are Rs. 3, 00,000 and Rs. and their profit sharing ratio is 3:2. Immediately after the allocation of Rs. 80, 000 as profit for the year ended 31st march 2011, it was discovered that in arriving at the profit of 2010-11 the following two items were ignored: i. Outstanding expenses of Rs. 7,000 and i'. Accrued interest on investment of Rs. 5,000. Pass the adjustment Journal entry. Marks 17. Write down the differences between fixed and fluctuating capital Accounts. 4 18. Mark and Pat are partners in a business. Their capitals at the end of the year were Rs 4BUUU ana Rs 36,000 respectlvely. During tne year enaea 31st Marcn, 2 Marks drawings and Pat's drawings were Rs. 8,000 and Page 1 of 3 Rs. 12, 000 respectively. Profits before charging interest on capital during the year were Rs. 32, 000. Calculate the interest on capital at 5% for the year ended 31 st March 2011. 4 Marks 19. A and B shared profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2. With effect from 1st April 2011 they agreed to share profits equally.The goodwill of the firm was valued at Rs. 30,000. Make the necessary Journal entry for the treatment of goodwill. What is a ‘Gaining Ratio? (3+1)marks 20. A, B and C were partners sharing profits in the ratio of 5:3:2. Their Balance sheet as at 1 st April 2012 was as follows: Balance Sheet of A, C at 1st April, 2012 Liabilities Creditors Employees Provident funds Fund Capitals: c 70,000 50,000 Amount Assets 20,000 cash 26,000 Debtors Stock Furniture Building 2, 20,000 266,000 16,000 80,000 34,000 C retires on the above date and it was agreed that: C's share of Goodwill was Rs. ,OOO; % provision for doubtful debts was to be made on debtors; Sundry creditors were valued Rs. 4, 000 more than the book value. Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions on C's retirement. 21 . Ram, Shyam and Gita were partners sharing profits in the ratio of 5:3:2. On 31 st March 2012 their Balance Sheet showed the following: Capitals: Ram 1 50,000 Shyam 125,000 Gita 75000 Workmen's Compensation reserve Capital Leasehold Patents Machinery 350,000 stock 30,000 cash at sank 30,000 40,000 Gita died on August 2012. It was agreed that: l.Goodwill of the firm is to be valued at Rs. 1,75,OOO II. Machinery be valued at Rs. 1, 40,000; Patents at Rs. 40, 000; Leasehold at Rs. l, 50,000 on this date. Ill. For the purpose of calculating Gita's share in the profits of 2012-2013, the profits should be taken to have accrued on the same scale as in 2011- 2012 which were Rs. 75,OOO Prepare Gita's Capital Account and Revaluation Account. 6 marks 22. X and Y are in partnership sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2. The capitals of X and Y remaining after the adjustments are Rs. 80, 000 and Rs. 0, 000 respectively. They admit Z as a partner on his contribution of Rs. 35,000 as capital for 15th share of profits to be acquired equally from both X and Y. The capital accounts of old partners are to be adjusted on the basis of proportion of Z's capital to his share in the business. Calculate the amount of actual cash to be paid off or brought in by the old partners for the purpose. 6 marks 23. John and David were partners in a firm supplying school uniform. They share profits in the ratio of 4:3. Their capital as on 1st April 2012 were and Rs. 50,000 respectively.On this date John suggested David to start supplying low cost school uniforms also to the students who belong to low income group and have been dmitted to the private schools of the city as per the provision of Rights to Education Act 2009. David agreed and requested to admit his friend Sita, a visually handicapped unemployed person into the firm; however Sita will not contribute any capital. John agrees to it. They were in need of more capital. John therefore persuaded a rich friend of his, All, who Joined them to be a partner. Ali contributed Rs. 7, 00,000 in cash. Delivery van of Rs. 2,75,OOO and furniture o f Rs. 25,000 as his capital.

Daily Time Record

This Automated Student Attendance Daily Time Record focuses on the need to design a system that will automatically arrange the record and calculate the average attendance of each student. A well-conceived and implemented automated student record system can reduce the costs of handling the paperwork associated with record keeping. Manual attendance record system is not efficient and requires time to arrange record and to calculate the average attendance of each individual student. Automated Student Attendance Daily Time Record is intended to replace the manual model of attendance record keeping. Our school using ball pen or log book to record a attendance this system need a computer and the student will record his attendance with a password and the system will arrange the record and calculate the average attendance of the student. The system contains attendance record in electronic files containing details of absence or presence of a specific student enrolment during a semester. Attendance records have been collected on paper forms and verified with hand written signatures. However, the increasing demand for automated student attendance daily time record should be implemented as soon as possible in order to reduce the costs of handling the paper works with record keeping. This system described in this document should be implemented also in different school and all automated systems must follow the standard procedures. This project will try to organize the current school attendance record system that will be much quicker and will save time. Statement of the Problem The study was conducted to some school that does not have automated student information daily time record. Specific Problem. Does our some school have this system? †¢What is the importance of having this kind of system? †¢Is there any summary report for the attendance weekly or after the semester? †¢Is the system reliable to keep all the attendance records? Objective Design and create a system that could calculate and get the average attendance of the student more efficient, reliable and less time in a semester. Specific objective †¢Create a system the will calculate the average of attendance of each of individual student †¢Arrange the record accordingly. †¢Reduce the costs of handling the paperwork associated with record keeping.

How to Write an Education Essay A Complete Guide

How to Write an Education Essay A Complete Guide Education is a very broad academic field, including a number of smaller disciplines that deal with completely different and often unrelated aspects of education, such as educational psychology, methodology of education, philosophy of education, educational sociology, educational technology and so on. All of them, in the long run, have the same purpose but require vastly different competencies from a student. That is why when writing an education essay one has to be very careful when defining the subject matter of one’s work so as to clearly delineate it from all the aspects of educational science that are not relevant in this particular case. In this education essay writing guide, we will cover everything you need to know to start writing quality education essays without having to redo them from scratch multiple times. Step #1: Choose a Topic that Our Writers Suggest As can be clearly seen from mere enumeration of education-related disciplines, the choice of topics to cover is immense. However, it can be somewhat limited if your teacher or professor tells you to write about a particular subdiscipline. Anyway, it is the underlying principle that is important, so here are some suggestions to help you select a topic that will work in your favor: Try finding an original topic. When we start talking about education, a few topics immediately jump to mind. Usefulness of school uniforms, the viability of testing as an evaluation method, efficiency of the traditional grading system, the usual stuff. Unless you have a really interesting and unusual take on one of them (and you probably don’t), avoid choosing them, because more than a half of your class is bound to write something along these lines, and your teacher/professor is already sick and tired of reading about these things. Try choosing something more original, and your teacher will give you a higher grade out of sheer gratitude; Try writing about a controversial issue. Things like bullying, armed security in educational institutions, payment to college athletes, use of metal detectors at schools and other similar subjects unfailingly cause violent discussions between people with diametrically opposite views and are usually interesting to read about; Follow the guidelines given by your tutor. Not all topics are appropriate in all situations, and your teacher may specifically require you to either avoid certain subjects or, on the contrary, to choose your topic from among a number of predefined areas; Stay away from both too narrow and too broad topics. An overly broad topic (e.g., â€Å"History of College Education in the USA†) won’t allow you to achieve any depth in your research, especially when limited by such a small assignment as an essay. Too narrow a topic will be boring to write and read and extremely difficult to research to boot – you simply won’t find enough sources; Check if you have access to the necessary resources. It is a much better decision to look for information sources before you’ve committed to a topic than to find out there isn’t enough material after you’ve started writing. Here are some examples so that you can better see what you should be after: Male and Female Bullies: How They Act and How School Staff Treats Them? Homework in Elementary Schools: Is It a Viable Teaching Method? Cursive Writing: A Relic of the Past or a Necessary Skill to Be Taught in Schools? Why English-Speaking Students Should Learn a Second Language; Traditional and Online Education: Strong and Weak Points; Armed Security in Schools: A Necessary Measure or Inappropriate Militarization of Learning Environment? Step #2: Gather Information You should carry out the preliminary steps in this direction even before you commit to a topic – this will prevent you from landing yourself with a subject that doesn’t have enough sources to draw upon. However, this isn’t usually a problem when you write an essay, because it is a relatively small assignment that doesn’t need a lot of sources to be credible. On average, you will need one source per page but no less than 3 to 5 (in case your essay has a small number of pages). The first thing you should look for in a source is its credibility – you cannot just take a random blog post ranting about the state of modern education and call it a reliable source of information on the subject. The hierarchy of credibility is complex and difficult to grasp at a glance. For now, it would be enough to remember the articles and essays in peer-reviewed journals and magazines are the best, books follow them in reliability (although you have to look out for authors’ agendas), and the rest (websites, mass media, video) should be used with caution. Here are some suggestions on how you can locate high-quality sources without digging through your entire college library: Use specialized databases and search engines. The Internet offers numerous databases and research-focused search engines that make finding useful information much easier than if you do a general-purpose search like Google. Some deal with research in general (EBSCO, OAIster, Refseek), others are topic-oriented (for education you may use iSeek and US Census Bureau – the latter has all kinds of useful statistical information on education, arranged topically). Don’t forget that some of such databases are subscription-based – you may want to check which of them your college subscribes to before beginning your search; Ask those in the know. Teachers, librarians, digital media specialists – all these people can direct you to good sources, and it is their job. Don’t be afraid to ask – the fact that you are doing your own research doesn’t mean that you don’t have a right to look for assistance. If your school/college is large enough, you may even have a subject area librarian specializing in your particular type of research, which is even more useful. However, when asking for help, remember to be polite, tactful and don’t ask for too much – although tutors and librarians are here to help, they won’t do your work for you; The majority of your sources should be academic journals. You can locate the one pertaining to your topic through the aforementioned databases (EBSCO Host, JSTOR, Google Scholar). One useful feature these databases have is that they usually display how many times this or that source had been cited in other peer-reviewed sources, which can serve as a rough indication of how valuable and influential the source is. Of course, recent articles usually don’t have enough time to accumulate many citations, that’s why use this indicator with caution. Books can be another excellent source of information, as they often contain detailed and in-depth research on the subject. You can easily find them using your library search function (if you have trouble locating the necessary books, ask a librarian for help) or, for more digitally-oriented, via Google Books. With the help of this service, you can quickly find books related to your subject, read their previews and excerpts from them and get information on how to purchase it or to obtain it from a library. Websites can be used, but treat them with caution. Although the Internet is a treasure trove of high-quality info by specialists in their fields, there is much more unreliable data published by random people. It is extremely difficult to separate the wheat from the chaff, which is why it is better not to rely on online sources too much. You tutor won’t treat these sources as particularly valuable as well. Step #3: Prepare a Thesis Statement A thesis statement is, in short, the basic idea of your essay: how you intend to interpret the subject matter, what your take on the topic is, what you plan to prove, what claims you make. It is usually presented in the form of a single sentence at the beginning of your essay, most commonly at the end of the introduction. It is different from the topic: the topic shows the general area of your research (e.g., ‘Influence of Divorce on Learning Capabilities in Children of Ages 8 to 12’), while the thesis statement shows your point of view (e.g., ‘In this paper I will prove that learning capabilities of children of ages 8 to 12 are most often negatively affected by the divorce of their parents’). When writing it, follow these general principles: Keep it short. If you cannot bring the main idea of your paper to a single and relatively short sentence, it means that your topic isn’t focused enough. This is why it is best to prepare a thesis statement before you commit to a topic; Keep it precise. Don’t use vague expressions or flowery language. Make sure the reader understands you at the first attempt; Make sure it corresponds to what you are about to write. If you wander off the topic, you will certainly lose some credits; Ask yourself: ‘Is anybody likely to challenge my standpoint?’ If you promote a view that nobody in their right minds is going to oppose, chances are you merely summarize the topic instead of making a thesis statement. Step #4: Write Body Paragraphs It would immensely help you if you follow a plan when working on body paragraphs: therefore, you should make notes of which points you want to make, in what order and how you intend to support them. Another helpful practice is to use the same structure for all your paragraphs, something along these lines: Introductory statement; Elaboration; Evidence backing up your point; Your additional comments on the subject of the paragraph; Connection to the following paragraph. This way you can ensure the structure of your essays stays consistent and logical throughout its length. Some additional education essay tips you may find useful when writing body paragraphs of your education essay: Always backup your ideas with sufficient evidence. Holes in logic and reasoning is the first thing your tutor and peers will point out when the essay is reviewed; Maintain the rule of ‘One paragraph – one idea’. Don’t introduce more than one idea per paragraph and don’t repeat the same idea in multiple places – it doesn’t make the argument stronger, it simply creates redundancy; Refer to your thesis regularly to ensure you don’t lose your train of thought and to maintain consistency; Don’t just summarize the information from your sources, analyze it. Step #5: Write Introduction and Conclusion Introduction should be among the last things you write in your essay because it is heavily interconnected with the conclusion: basically, they repeat the same things, only in the introduction you describe the topic of your essay and what you intend to prove, and in conclusion you describe the topic of your essay and what you’ve managed to prove. Just keep them similar enough, and everything will be alright. Don’t try to write essay parts in the order they follow each other – chances are, you will have to rewrite your introduction written this way. Step #6: Proofreading The best practice is to set your essay aside for a few days before trying to revise it. This allows your brain to take a rest from work on this particular task, and you will view it with new eyes when the time comes, noticing more mistakes and being more critical about sentence structures and suchlike. Read the essay backwards, starting at the end, one sentence at a time. When you read your essay in its supposed order, you tend to skip over mistakes because you know how things are supposed to be; Read the work out loud. This slows you down and forces you to pay attention to each word, making you more likely to notice a mistake or a typo; Print out your work, preferably changing the font size or some other characteristics of your paper. By changing the way your essay looks you increase the chances of noticing mistakes; Ask somebody else to read your essay. For example, find a classmate with whom you will exchange your essays for proofreading purposes. Another person is always more likely to notice mistakes than you are in your own text. Just make sure you trust their judgment! Step #7: Formatting Compliance In most cases, education papers use APA formatting style, but you still should make sure and ask your tutor or supervisor what the guidelines of your particular college are. Bringing your essay in compliance with formatting requirements may be a long and tiresome job, but it is not nearly as frightening as it is sometimes portrayed. With the help of automatic citation generators, easily available style guides and assistance from your tutors and supervisors you can easily deal with it – just be attentive and patient. Conclusion Writing a proper education essay may be difficult for many reasons, not the least of which is procrastination. If you put off writing until the last possible moment, you are likely to find yourself frantically trying to catch up and not having enough time for any of the aforementioned steps. It is much more efficient to spread the process of writing over long stretches of time, without having to be in a hurry at any stage of the process.

Reach More Customers by Sending an Email Newsletter

Reach More Customers Email newsletters are one of the best ways to keep your readers, clients, and supporters updated on what’s going on with your work. While email has been around for awhile, it’s effectiveness has not waned. In fact, email marketing can drive more purchases than other forms of marketing, including social media. You may already be sending other types of emails, but if you aren’t using a newsletter to communicate with your customers, you could be missing a good opportunity. It’s a great way to help build and maintain relationships with your readers and customers, which can ultimately lead to more sales. Read on to find ideas for creating a good newsletter and content ideas too. Creating a newsletter A newsletter can be anything you make it and can contain updates on books, publishing news, tips, or events you’re attending. Really, any content or information that your customers would love to know about and can help your sales is fair game. But you’ll need to keep your newsletter content fresh to keep your readers engaged, and you’ll have to send it regularly. Here are four tips to keep your newsletter generating interest: Manage expectations When people sign up to get your email newsletter tell them what type of content they can expect and how often you plan to mail. You’ll want to send at least once per month, but more often will keep your work in your reader’s minds. Don’t let the frequency scare you off, you can decide how much information should be in each one. that can hold their attention. People tend to skim emails until they find something they really want to read, so make your content easy-to-read and digest. be sure they know what they’re supposed to do when they finish reading it. Want someone to make a purchase? Go to your Facebook page? Fill in a survey? No matter what the purpose of your email, using a call-to-action can help your readers complete the action you’re looking for. Use phrases like â€Å"Read an Excerpt,† â€Å"Find Out More Now,†Ã‚   or simply â€Å"Buy Now.. Don’t forget images While a writer may not agree that a picture is worth a thousand words, they do serve important purposes in emails, so be sure to include them. An image can help sell a product, they lead your readers further into the email, and they make it easier to read Content ideas Coming up with new content for each email you send may seem daunting, but you can use a surprising amount of things you’ve already created as content. The infographic 25 Content Ideas for Your Email Newsletter has lots of great suggestions such as: Product updates Be sure your customers know about exciting new changes to your product or service. Let them know exactly what the changes are and most importantly, how these changes will (or won’t) affect them. Happy Birthday/ Anniversary Is your business celebrating a company anniversary or other milestone? Virtually invite your customers to share in the fun. FAQS Rather than waiting for customers to email you with questions, anticipate their needs and send out a list of FAQs with thoughtful answers. FAQS may seem like something outside of what a writer might need, but if you make it fun and answer common questions you get, your customers will love it. Thank you, Thank you When it comes to your customers, donors, event attendees, etc. it’s always appropriate to send an email to say, â€Å"Thank you.† Wrap up want to read. And remember, you don’t have to create everything you share in your newsletter yourself. If there’s an infographic, image, event, or blog post that someone else has created, give them credit of course, but share that with your readers. They’ll enjoy a different perspective and it can save you a lot of time. Plus you’ll look like a genius for sharing great information they may not be able to find on their own. will look forward to them, open them when they arrive and become loyal customers. Source: 25 Content Ideas for Your Email Newsletter